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Combining Hydraulic and Electrical Conductivity for Pore-Space Characterization in Carbonate Rocks

Authors
Edith Muller-Huber (Technische Universitat Berlin) | Jurgen Schon (Montanuniversitat Leoben) | Frank Borner (Technische Universitat Berlin)
Document ID
SPWLA-2016-v57n3a2
Publisher
Society of Petrophysicists and Well-Log Analysts
Source
Petrophysics
Volume
57
Issue
03
Publication Date
June 2016
Document Type
Journal Paper
Pages
233 - 250
Language
English
ISSN
1529-9074
Copyright
2016. Society of Petrophysicists & Well Log Analysts
Disciplines
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2 in the last 30 days
101 since 2007
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Abstract

Pore-space characteristics are of fundamental importance for production forecasting and reservoir management, especially in complex carbonate reservoirs, as they influence both electrical and hydraulic processes taking place in the interconnected, fluid-filled pore space. For theoretical model calculations of permeability and formation factor, capillary-channel models describing a straight tube with a constant circular cross-sectional area are frequently used. This assumption, however, does not reflect the variability of the pore radius in natural rocks.

Therefore, a modified capillary model for interconnected pore space in water-saturated, water-wet carbonate rocks is presented in this study. It describes a rotated pore channel with a radius varying between its two extreme values rt (pore throat) and rb (pore body), and is applicable to both electrical and hydraulic conductivity. Theoretical model calculations indicate that the most critical influences on permeability are exerted by the rb /rt ratio, followed by radius rb, tortuosity and finally porosity. Formation factor, in contrast, is controlled by the rb /rt ratio, tortuosity, and porosity, but radius rb has no influence.

The model expressions for permeability and formation factor are combined to achieve two aims: (1) exclude tortuosity from a new permeability prediction method based on electrical resistivity, radius rb and a function covering the effect of pore-space geometry; and (2) derive pore-space characteristics (radius rb or rt combined with the rb /rt ratio) from a crossplot of permeability vs. formation factor. A carbonate database including routine core analysis data and radii rt and rb derived from mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) measurements and backscattered electron image (BSE) analysis is used to predict the permeabilities of different carbonate fabric types. A comparison of predicted to measured parameters indicates that their agreement is generally very satisfying. Overestimates of permeability and underestimates of pore-body size only occur in samples with a high amount of large pores.

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