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Abstract
Assessment of the suitability of potential sub-surface storage sites for CO2 storage cuts across several issues, a dominant part being the sustainability in terms of the retention capacity of prospective reservoirs. Questions often raised but not properly investigated border on the stability of underground reservoirs during the injection process and the protracted effect after injection is fully completed. A review of studies on CO2 sequestration reveal several uncovered areas with one significant aspect being the geo-mechanical effect of CO2 injection and storage within the underground formation. A computational framework has been built as part of a series of ongoing investigations to ascertain the susceptibility of underground formations during and after CO2 is introduced. This is made possible by adopting a discrete element modelling (DEM) methodology as a first step in the sequence of a designed procedure. By applying this technique the formation materials are idealized as an assembly of discrete particles interacting in a manner which allow for specific descriptions of the morphology and fracturing events. Computational tests conducted on several types of models representative of reservoir formations reveal reservoir geo-mechanical responses highly dependent on factors such as material property of rocks, pressure build-up, and injection pressure. An example of this is observed in the mode of fracturing events which is significantly influenced by the rate of fluid injection. The outcome of this study forms a strong basis towards a better understanding of behaviour of reservoir formations subjected to CO2 injection and storage. In addition, information from these studies could serve as a reference for Enhanced Oil Recovery processes (EOR) and Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) productions.