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Abstract
The Z gas field of PDO is currently contributing of Oman's gas requirements for
LNG export. The field is producing from the rich gas-condensate bearing
Reservoir A and lean gas bearing Reservoir B and Reservoir C sandstone. The
total number of wells until to date is 22 development wells drilled in the
field, of which 11 wells are on production, 6 wells produce from Reservoir A
only, 1 well from Reservoir B only, 3 are commingled Reservoir A, B and C, and
1 well from Reservoir A and C. The average formation split from the field
predicted 45% Reservoir A, 20% Reservoir C and 35% Reservoir B, and in specific
is vary from well to well and however it is depend on the drawdown. The primary
surveillance tool is used to allocate a relative production for two reservoirs
by utilizing a MPLT surveys. And recently, a campaign of multi-phase flow
meters coupled with PLT’s was initiated. Gases in Reservoir B and C reservoirs
of Oman have very different carbon isotope character than those in Reservoir A.
These differences are unique and can be used to calculate mixing proportions of
commingled production. The proposed solution to this problem was the derivation
of three models that accounts for variable isotope and composition
characteristics, and trending in which all such data could be correlated. A
lesson learnt and limitation is captured from this fingerprint job.
Introduction
Gas fingerprint by means gas chromatography and isotope analysis can bring
solution to the problem of properly allocating gas production to specific
reservoirs when more than one formation is commingled in a well.
The common allocation methods involving zone isolation are limited because
the commingled flow rates obtained on the surface are not necessarily
representative of actual individual formation contributions. The natural gas
components such as methane, ethane, propane, iso-butane and n-butane can be
characterized by their stable carbon (13C/12C) and hydrogen (2H/1H) isotopic
compositions, while heavy isotopes 13C and 2H are the rare component. Small
variations in 13C/12C can be analysed accurately with mass spectrometer. In
specific, the ratio follows the equation:
Currently, the Z gas field of PDO is contributing of Oman's gas requirements
for LNG export. The field is producing from the rich gas-condensate bearing
Reservoir A and lean gas bearing Reservoir B and Reservoir C sandstone. The
total number of wells until to date is 22 development wells drilled in the
field, of which 11 wells are on production, 6 wells produce from Reservoir A
only, 1 well from Reservoir B only, 3 are commingled Reservoir A, B and C, and
1 well from Reservoir A and C. The average formation split from the field
predicted 45% Reservoir A, 20% Reservoir C and 35% Reservoir B, and in specific
is vary from well to well and however it is depend on the drawdown.
The primary surveillance tool is used to allocate relative production for
two reservoirs by utilizing a MPLT surveys. And recently, a campaign of
multi-phase flow meters coupled with PLT’s was initiated. Gases in Reservoir B
and C reservoirs of Oman have very different carbon isotope character than
those in Reservoir A.
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